Volcanic ash in the atmosphere is a hazard to aviation. To predict which areas of airspace are most likely to be affected by the presence of ash, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) use observations and atmospheric dispersion models. These models are ...

Meaningful forecasting of the atmospheric concentration and ground accumulation of volcanic ash during explo-sive eruptions requires detailed knowledge of the eruption source parameters. However, due to the large uncer-tainties in observations and ...