Háskóli ÍslandsUniversity of IcelandSchwendner, PetraBohmeier, MariaRettberg, PetraBeblo-Vranesevic, KristinaGaboyer, FrédéricMoissl-Eichinger, ChristinePerras, Alexandra K.Vannier, PaulineMarteinsson, ViggóGarcia-Descalzo, LauraGómez, FelipeMalki, MoustafaAmils, RicardoWestall, FrancesRiedo, AndreasMonaghan, Euan P.Ehrenfreund, PascaleCabezas, PatriciaWalter, NicolasCockell, Charles2018-07-262018-07-262018-02-27Schwendner, P., Bohmeier, M., Rettberg, P., Beblo-Vranesevic, K., Gaboyer, F., Moissl-Eichinger, C., . . . Cockell, C. (2018). Beyond Chloride Brines: Variable Metabolomic Responses in the Anaerobic Organism Yersinia intermedia MASE-LG-1 to NaCl and MgSO4 at Identical Water Activity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(335). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.003351664-302Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/746Growth in sodium chloride (NaCl) is known to induce stress in non-halophilic microorganisms leading to effects on the microbial metabolism and cell structure. Microorganisms have evolved a number of adaptations, both structural and metabolic, to counteract osmotic stress. These strategies are well-understood for organisms in NaCl-rich brines such as the accumulation of certain organic solutes (known as either compatible solutes or osmolytes). Less well studied are responses to ionic environments such as sulfate-rich brines which are prevalent on Earth but can also be found on Mars. In this paper, we investigated the global metabolic response of the anaerobic bacterium Yersinia intermedia MASE-LG-1 to osmotic salt stress induced by either magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) or NaCl at the same water activity (0.975). Using a non-targeted mass spectrometry approach, the intensity of hundreds of metabolites was measured. The compatible solutes L-asparagine and sucrose were found to be increased in both MgSO4 and NaCl compared to the control sample, suggesting a similar osmotic response to different ionic environments. We were able to demonstrate that Yersinia intermedia MASE-LG-1 accumulated a range of other compatible solutes. However, we also found the global metabolic responses, especially with regard to amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, to be salt-specific, thus, suggesting ion-specific regulation of specific metabolic pathways.335eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSodium chlorideMagnesium sulfateMetabolomeCompatible solutesStress responseSodiumNatrínMagnesíum (næringarefni)EfnaskiptiÖrverurinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleFrontiers in Microbiology10.3389/fmicb.2018.00335