Gunnarsdóttir, IngibjörgBrantsæter, Anne Lise2025-11-202025-11-202023-12-26Gunnarsdóttir, I & Brantsæter, A L 2023, 'Iodine : a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023', Food and Nutrition Research, vol. 67, 10369. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.103691654-6628215162303db8c08e5-9f19-4829-a6ed-5a34279cb62c85181437323https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/7448Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir and Anne Lise Brantsæter.Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). As in many other parts of the world, insufficient iodine intake and consequently insufficient iodine status is a public health challenge in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The main dietary sources of iodine in the Nordic and Baltic countries include cow’s milk, saltwater fish, eggs, products containing iodised salt, and iodised table salt. Only Denmark (DK), Finland (FI) and Sweden (SE) have implemented mandatory (DK) or voluntary (SE, FI) salt iodisation. New data, as well as recent studies from the Nordic and Baltic countries, strengthen the evidence that the main health challenges related to insufficient iodine intake remain thyroid function and thyroid disease, mental development, and cognitive function. Excessive intakes can also cause hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer.667464eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessgoitreiodinenutrition recommendationsthyroid functionFood ScienceNutrition and DieteticsPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational HealthSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/systematicreview10.29219/fnr.v67.10369