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Host-directed therapies modulating innate immunity against infection in hematologic malignancies

Host-directed therapies modulating innate immunity against infection in hematologic malignancies


Title: Host-directed therapies modulating innate immunity against infection in hematologic malignancies
Author: Wang, Qiong
Hermannsson, Kristján
Másson, Egill
Bergman, Peter
Guðmundsson, Guðmundur Hrafn
Date: 2024
Language: English
Scope: 2919271
Department: Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
Series: Blood Reviews; ()
ISSN: 0268-960X
DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101255
Subject: Blood cancer; Bloodstream infection; Host defense peptides; Host-directed therapy; Immune system inducers; Immunomodulation; Mucositis; Hematology; Oncology
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/5256

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Citation:

Wang , Q , Hermannsson , K , Másson , E , Bergman , P & Guðmundsson , G H 2024 , ' Host-directed therapies modulating innate immunity against infection in hematologic malignancies ' , Blood Reviews . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2024.101255

Abstract:

Patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) are highly susceptible to bloodstream infection (BSI), particularly those undergoing treatments such as chemotherapy. A common and debilitating side effect of chemotherapy is oral and intestinal mucositis. These Patients are also at high risk of developing sepsis, which can arise from mucosal barrier injuries and significantly increases mortality in these patients. While conventional antibiotics are effective, their use can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and disrupt the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). In this review, we discuss utilizing host defense peptides (HDPs), key components of the innate immune system, and immune system inducers (ISIs) to maintain mucosal barrier integrity against infection, an underexplored host-directed therapy (HDT) approach to prevent BSI and sepsis. We advocate for the discovery of potent and safe ISIs for clinical use and call for further research into the mechanisms by which these ISIs induce HDPs and strengthen mucosal barriers.

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Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

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