Greinar - HA
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/77
Articles2024-03-26T15:20:47ZMannekla lögreglu og mjúk löggæsla í dreifbýli
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2585
Mannekla lögreglu og mjúk löggæsla í dreifbýli
Oddsson, Guðmundur; Hill, Andrew
Markmið rannsóknarinnar eru að kortleggja þróun mannafla íslensku lögreglunnar frá árinu 2007, skoða lögregluna í evrópskum samanburði og greina upplifun dreifbýlislögreglumanna af helstu áskorunum þeirra og bjargráðum. Notast er við fyrirliggjandi gögn og viðtöl við 23 lögreglumenn með starfsreynslu í dreifbýli. Niðurstöðurnar sýna að starfandi lögreglumenn voru 648 árið 2017 og hafði fækkað um 9% frá 2007. Landsmönnum fjölgaði samhliða um 10%. Árið 2018 var Ísland meðal þeirra Evrópulanda sem höfðu hvað fæsta lögreglumenn (185) á hverja 100.000 íbúa. Hvergi fækkaði lögreglumönnum jafn mikið í Evrópu milli 2009 og 2018 og hérlendis (29,1%). Samhliða nær fimmfaldaðist fjöldi erlendra ferðamanna. Fólksfjölgun, fjölgun ferðamanna og fækkun lögreglumanna hafa aukið álag og komið niður á löggæslu, ekki síst í dreifbýli. Niðurstöður viðtala sýna að helstu áskoranir sem dreifbýlislögreglumenn upplifa eru mannekla, ofurálag, margþætt verkefni, lítil aðstoð og óskýr mörk vinnu og einkalífs. Helstu bjargráð dreifbýlislögreglumanna eru að þróa með sér fjölþætta kunnáttu og hugvitssemi við að virkja félagsauð nærsamfélagsins. Mikilvægust er góð samskiptahæfni sem byggist á samræðum, hæfileikanum að geta stillt til friðar og mjúkri löggæslu til að viðhalda trausti almennings og samstöðu. Félagsauður nærsamfélagsins, sem grundvallast á trausti, samvinnu og óformlegu félagslegu taumhaldi, hjálpar dreifbýlislögreglunni í þessum efnum.
2021-04-29T00:00:00ZPatient handover between ambulance crew and healthcare professionals in Icelandic emergency departments: A qualitative study
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2453
Patient handover between ambulance crew and healthcare professionals in Icelandic emergency departments: A qualitative study
Duason, Sveinbjorn; Gunnarsson, Björn; Svavarsdóttir, Margrét Hrönn
Background: Ambulance services play an important role in the healthcare system when it comes to handling
accidents or acute illnesses outside of hospitals. At the time of patient handover from emergency medical
technicians (EMTs) to the nurses and physicians in emergency departments (EDs), there is a risk that important
information will be lost, the consequences of which may adversely affect patient well-being. The study aimed to
describe healthcare professionals’ experience of patient handovers between ambulance and ED staff and to identify
factors that can affect patient handover quality.
Methods: The Vancouver School’s phenomenological method was used. The participants were selected using
purposive sampling from a group of Icelandic EMTs, nurses, and physicians who had experience in patient
handovers. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and were supported by an interview guide. The
participants included 17 EMTs, nurses, and physicians. The process of patient handover was described from the
participants’ perspectives, including examples of communication breakdown and best practices.
Results: Four main themes and nine subthemes were identified. In the theme of leadership, the participants
expressed that it was unclear who was responsible for the patient and when during the process the responsibility
was transferred between healthcare professionals. The theme of structured framework described the
communication between healthcare professionals before patient’s arrival at the ED, upon ED arrival, and a written
patient report. The professional competencies theme covered the participants’ descriptions of professional
competences in relation to education and training and attitudes towards other healthcare professions and patients.
The collaboration theme included the importance of effective teamwork and positive learning environment.
Conclusions: A lack of structured communication procedures and ambiguity about patient responsibility in patient
handovers from EMTs to ED healthcare professionals may compromise patient safety. Promoting accountability,
mitigating the diffusion of responsibility, and implementing uniform practices may improve patient handover
practices and establish a culture of integrated patient-centered care.
2021-01-28T00:00:00ZLike a hotel, but boring: Users’ experience with short-time community-based residential aftercare
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2424
Like a hotel, but boring: Users’ experience with short-time community-based residential aftercare
Roos, Eirik; Bjerkeset, Ottar; Svavarsdóttir, Margrét Hrönn; Steinsbekk, Aslak
Background: The discharge process from hospital to home for patients with severe mental illness (SMI) is often complex, and most are in need of tailored and coordinated community services at home. One solution is to discharge patients to inpatient short-stay community residential aftercare (CRA). The aim of this study was to explore how patients with SMI experience a stay in CRA established in a City in Central Norway.
Methods: A descriptive qualitative study with individual interviews and a group interview with 13 persons. The CRA aims to improve the discharge process from hospital to independent supported living by facilitating the establishment of health and social services and preparing the patients. The philosophy is to help patients use community resources by
e.g. not offering any organized in-house activities. The main question in the interviews was “How have you experienced the stay at the CRA?” The interviews were analyzed with a thematic approach using systematic text condensation.
Results: The participants experienced the stay at the CRA “Like a hotel” but also boring, due to the lack of organized inhouse activities. The patients generally said they were not informed about the philosophy of the CRA before the stay. The participants had to come up with activities outside the CRA and said they got active help from the staff to do so;
some experienced this as positive, whereas others wanted more organized in-house activities like they were used to from mental health hospital stays. Participants described the staff in the CRA to be helpful and forthcoming, but they did not notice the staff being active in organizing the aftercare.
Conclusions: The stay at the CRA was experienced as different from other services, with more freedom and focus on self-care, and lack of in-house activities. This led to increased self-activity among the patients, but some wanted more inhouse activities. To prepare the patients better for the stay at the CRA, more information about the philosophy is needed
in the pre-admission process.
2017-12-16T00:00:00ZXylanolytic psychotrophs from andosolic sedge fens and moss heaths in Iceland
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2420
Xylanolytic psychotrophs from andosolic sedge fens and moss heaths in Iceland
Rickman, Olivia; Sigurbjörnsdóttir, M. Auður; Vilhelmsson, Oddur
Nine xylanolytic bacterial strains were isolated from fen and heath soils in northern Iceland. They were found by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to belong to the genera Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. Using a simple, plate-based semiquantitative assay with azo-crosslinked xylan as the substrate, it was determined that although isolated from cold environments, most of the strains displayed greater xylanolytic activity under mesophilic conditions, with only the paenibacilli displaying markedly cold-active xylanolytic activity. Indeed, for one isolate, Paenibacillus castaneae OV2122, xylanolytic activity was only detected at 15°C and below under the conditions tested. Of the nine strains, Paenibacillus amylolyticus OV2121 displayed the greatest activity at 5°C. Glycohydrolase family-specific PCR indicated that the paenibacilli produced multiple xylanases of families 10 and 11, whereas a family 8 xylanase was detected in Pseudomonas kilonensis AL1515, and a family 11 xylanase in Stenotrophomonas rhizophila AL1610.
2018-12-21T00:00:00Z