Influenza vaccination remains the best strategy for the prevention of influenza virus-related disease and reduction of disease severity and mortality. However, there is large individual variation in influenza vaccine responses. In this study, we ...

The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defense against invading pathogens, regulating the normal microbiota and contributes to homeostasis. Today we have obtained detailed knowledge on receptors, signaling pathways, and effector molecules ...

Objectives: It has recently been shown that individuals with selective IgA deficiency (sIgAD) have defective B cell responses both to T cell dependent and independent mimicking stimulations. The complex intracellular signaling pathways from different ...