The Holuhraun lava flow was the largest effusive eruption in Iceland for 230 years, with an estimated lava bulk volume of ~1.44 km3 and covering an area of ~84 km2. The six month long eruption at Holuhraun 2014–2015 generated a diverse surface environment. ...

The separation of volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas is sometimes observed during volcanic eruptions. The exact conditions under which separation occurs are not fully understood but the phenomenon is of importance because of the effects volcanic ...

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are resulting in ocean acidification and a decrease in the saturation state for calcium carbonate (Ω), are a particular threat to calcifying marine biota. The aim of this thesis is to fill important knowledge gaps ...

Ice streams are thought to have regulated the past Iceland Ice Sheet (IIS) during and following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by discharging ice and sediment from the interior of the ice sheet towards the shelf edge. Previous assessments of ice streams ...

This thesis describes the glacial history, glacier dynamics, sediments and landforms of the Drangajökull ice cap as well as the glacial history and dynamics of the eastern Vestfirðir peninsula in northwest Iceland from the Late Weichselian until present. ...

The 10th century Eldgjá flood lava eruption, southern Iceland, was the most voluminous eruption on Earth in the last 1100 years, erupting up to 21.0 km3 of transitional alkali basaltic magma of rather uniform composition. While 19.7 km3 was erupted as ...

To gain insights into crystal–melt separation processes during basalt differentiation, we have studied an 8-m-thick pāhoehoe lava lobe from the Hafnarhraun lava flow field in SW Iceland. The lobe has abundant melt segregations, porous cylindrical and ...

Supercritical fluids have been reported from both rift and subduction-related geothermal systems. They typically form in the vicinity of magmatic intrusions at the roots of geothermal systems upon conductive heating and boiling of the subcritical ...

Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and is the surface exposure of the ridge system on land. The influence of the plume has been shown to reach towards the south at least as far as the Bight Transform Fault. The ridge system in Iceland has ...

Phosphorus (P) availability is essential for global food security. A system dynamics model running from 1961 to 2050 was built for this study, linking global P supply to social, economic and environmental dynamics at regional level. Simulation results ...